Outside a handful of big cities, the United States is built around the car, and for most road trips renting one is the only practical choice. The process is simple once you know what the counter will ask, but the rules on insurance, tolls and age can catch visitors out. This guide covers the basics. Rules differ between states and between rental companies, so read your own rental agreement carefully.

Before you book

Driver's license

Visitors can usually drive in the US on a valid license from their home country. If your license is not in English, or does not use the Latin alphabet, carry an International Driving Permit alongside it; some rental companies and some states expect one. Always carry the original license, not a copy, and your passport.

Age

The usual minimum age to rent is 21, and drivers under 25 generally pay an extra daily charge and may be limited to certain car types. A few states set different rules. Check the company's policy before booking.

Payment

Expect to need a credit card in the main driver's name. The company will place a hold on it for a deposit. Some companies accept debit cards with extra conditions, and some do not accept them at all.

One-way rentals and extra drivers

Picking up in one city and dropping off in another, such as San Francisco to Los Angeles, is common but usually costs more. Every person who will drive must be named on the agreement; in some states spouses are added automatically, in others not.

Insurance

This is the most confusing part. The main types offered at the counter are:

  • Collision or loss damage waiver (CDW or LDW): covers damage to or theft of the rental car itself.
  • Liability coverage: covers damage or injury you cause to other people and their property. Every state requires a minimum level, but the minimums can be low. Supplemental liability coverage raises it.
  • Personal accident and effects: medical cover for you and passengers, and cover for belongings.

Before you travel, check what your own car insurance, your credit card and your travel insurance already include. Many visitors from abroad find that a prepaid package with damage and liability cover included is the simplest option. See travel insurance basics for what travel policies typically cover.

At the counter

  • Inspect the car: walk around it and photograph every scratch and dent, inside and out, before you drive away. Do the same when you return it.
  • Fuel policy: the usual option is to return the car full. Prepaying for a tank rarely saves money unless you return it nearly empty.
  • Tolls: many bridges and highways use electronic tolling with no cash booths. Rental companies have toll programs that charge you later, often with a service fee. Ask how it works.
  • Upgrades: you will probably be offered a bigger car. Decline unless you need it.
  • Winter equipment: if you are heading into the mountains, ask about snow chains and whether the agreement allows them.

Rules of the road

  • Drive on the right. Speed limits are in miles per hour and distances in miles.
  • In most places you may turn right on a red light after a full stop, unless a sign says otherwise. New York City is a major exception.
  • At four-way stop signs, the first car to stop goes first.
  • Stop for school buses with flashing red lights, in both directions on most undivided roads.
  • Seat belts are required, and children need car seats or boosters suited to their age and size. Rental companies offer them, but reserve ahead.
  • Move over or slow down for emergency vehicles stopped at the roadside with lights flashing; most states require it.
  • Drinking and driving laws are strict, and open alcohol containers in the passenger area are generally illegal.
  • If police pull you over, stop safely, stay in the car, keep your hands visible and wait for instructions.

Gas stations

Most pumps are self-service. Card readers may ask for a ZIP code, which foreign cards often cannot provide; in that case, pay inside before pumping. Regular unleaded is fine for most rental cars.

For city driving, our guide to driving and parking in San Francisco covers the hills and parking rules. Our road trip packing list covers what to bring.

Frequently asked questions

Do I need an International Driving Permit?

It depends on your license and the state. If your license is not in English, get one. Even if it is, a permit is inexpensive insurance against confusion.

Are rental cars automatic?

Almost always. Manual transmissions are rare in US rental fleets.

Can I take a rental car into Canada or Mexico?

Canada is often allowed with notice; Mexico usually needs special permission and insurance. Ask the company before you book.